Critical Theory
Although Karl Marx (1840’s) was an early originator of modern Critical Theory. His theory was mainly concerned with political/economic inequality.
Relating to society and education, Max Horkheimer (1895-1973) is an important early influencer. But there have been other notable contributors (Adorno, 1903-1969; Benjamin, 1892-1940; Marcuse, 1898-1940).
Originally the purpose of Critical Theory was an examination of Nazi propoganda in an effort to eliminate Nazi indoctrination in German society. This began in Germany in the 1930’s at the Frankfurt School.
Proponents of Critical Theory suggest that education is inherently political as as decisions of what and how to teach are strongly influenced by the controlling interests in society. Critical Theory today attempts to examine imbalances of power woven into society and woven into the way we interpret history. Critical Theory suggests that these imbalances affect its’ members unequally. Critical Theory in education examines society and events from the viewpoints of all individuals who have been impacted. It provides a voice to the often unheard overlooked voices of history. And it encourages objective analysis and offers differing perspectives of events.
The following short video discusses critical theory in terms of structural oppression; or oppression built into society.
Most of the current discussions about critical theory in the educational system revolve around critical race theory……
The video below is HANDS-DOWN the BEST explanation and exploration of critical race theory you’ll find. It’s well worth your time.
Critical Theory is interpreted by some in the United States to be a platform to confirm racism in America. And critics of Critical Theory sometimes cite fears of potential violence against those seen as opressors.
Critical Theory includes Critical Race Theory, Critical Queer Theory, and Critical Feminist Theory, among others.
Classroom Example:
During a history lesson, an event would be examined from the point of views of everyone involved. It would explore the different impacts in terms of power, who benefitted, and who was victimized. According to Critical Theory, identification of the beneficiary/victim in any event is the first step toward reversing or rectifying any injustice experienced.
