Theory of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) a German-American psychologist suggested the Theory of Psychosocial Development. He cited 8 influential age-related stages that contribute to an emotionally grounded individual. According to Erickson, failure to successfully meet any of these stages will hamper the development of social emotional skills necessary for future growth.
Teachers who are aware of these important social emotional stages in a child’s’ life can make sure to provide opportunities for successful learning that are appropriate for a students age.
The chart below represents the approximate ages that individuals approach critical developmental stages in their lives. According to Erikson, successfully addressing each of these stages strongly contribute to an individual being emotionally well-rounded and mentally healthy.
Classroom Example:
It can’t be emphasized enough, that the most important thing a teacher in a classroom can do is help a student experience a favorable ratio of success and independence, whatever task they are attempting. Put simply, the child must be positioned to succeed more often than they fail.
In early school years this takes the form of encouraging children to make choices; choosing a center to work in, selecting a book to read, successful free play choice. The supportive teacher guides the child to increase successful outcomes of their choices, and shame is avoided at all costs. Feelings of shame result in an person afraid to make a decision.
During elementary and middle school years the student experiences success when they are guided to set goals, plan, and carry out their plans. Failure to achieve a desired result triggers analysis of what went wrong, and modification of the plan, until either success is achieved or the important realization that the goal might be unachievable in the given circumstances. Either way, the student comes to understand that their own effort and perseverance can influence the outcomes in their life.
