Theory of Behaviorism
The Theory of Behaviorism suggests that all behavior is a result of interaction with the environment. And learning is defined as a change in behavior. Incremental changes in behavior toward a learned goal is called conditioning.
The Theory of Behaviorism was strongly influenced by two individuals, John Watson (1878-1958) and B.F. Skinner (1904-1990). Their takes on Behaviorism were notably different.
Watson proposed methodological behavioralism. Watson strongly adhered to the scientific method, therefore, only behavior that could be seen and measured in response to stimulus (interaction with the environment) was appropriate for study.
On the other hand, Skinner’s radical behaviorism suggests that, in addition to stimulus (interaction with the environment), emotions, personal motivation and internal processes should included when measuring behavioral changes (learning).
The goal of Behaviorism is to influence behavior.
Classroom Example:
In simple terms, Behaviorism can be seen when a positive behavior is encouraged, making it happen more frequently; or when a negative behavior is discouraged, making it happen less frequently. An Examples include a student choosing a prize from the classroom “treasure box” for completing an assignment. Another example is the student who eats lunch in silence because he/she intentionally broke a classmates crayons.
With Behaviorism, what is being learned is behavior as opposed to academic content.
As noted by Skinner, there are many variables that influence behavior, so changing a student’s behavior is certainly not one-size-fits-all. And it often requires figuring out what motivates a given individual.
